Simple Past Tense,Past Continuous Tense

A.Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense is a kind of tense which is used to describe an event or action that happened already in a certain time in  the past

The pattern   : 

(+) Subject + verb II + complement

(-)  Subject + did not + verb II +   complement

(?)  Did + subject + verb I

The examples :

–  (+)  I went to Tangkiling yesterday

–  (-)  I did not go anywhere last night

–  (?) Did you go last week?

Adverbs used : yesterday, last night, last week, two days ago, a few  minutes ago, last weekend, last month, last year, in 1984, etc.

B.Past Continuous Tense

Past Continuous Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain time in the past

The pattern: 

(+) Subject + was/were +verb-ing+ complement

(-)  Subject + was not/were not+verb-ing+ complement

(?)  was/were+ subject + verb-ing+complement

The examples :

(+) He was writing a letter at eight  o’clock last night

(-) He was not writing a letter at seven o’clock last night

(?)  Were you writing a letter at eight last night?

 Adverbs used : at the time like this yesterday, at seven o’clock  last   night, etc.

Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense is tenses that is used to express the factual and habitual activity.

Generally,simple present tense use formula :

a.Verbal Form

1. (+) Subject + Verb 1 + Object/complement 
2. (-) Subject + do/does not + Verb 1 + Object/complement 
3. (?)Do/does + Subject + Verb 1 + Object/complement

Examples :

- I drink a cup of coffee

-I don`t like this plant

-Does she eat the meatballs?

b.Nominal form

1. (+) Subject + to be + Object/complement 
2. (-) Subject + tobe + not + Object/complement 
3. (?)To be+ Subject + Object/complement

Examples:

-You are beautiful

-She is angry

-It is big

-I am not small

-Is she ugly?

Present Perfect Tense

          We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

 

Formula:

(+) S + have/has + V3

(-)  S + have/sas Not + V3

(?)  Have/has + S + V3 + ?

 

Examples:

• I have seen that movie twenty times.
• I think I have met him once before.
• There have been many earthquakes in California.
• People have traveled to the Moon.
• People have not traveled to Mars.
• Have you read the book yet?
• Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
• A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
  B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

 You can use present perfect tense to tell about:

1.Experience

          You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.

Examples:

• I have been to France.
  This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.
• I have been to France three times.
  You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
• I have never been to France.
  This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
• I think I have seen that movie before.
• He has never traveled by train.
• Joan has studied two foreign languages.
• A: Have you ever met him?
  B: No, I have not met him.

2.Change over time

          We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

Examples:

• You have grown since the last time I saw you.
• The government has become more interested in arts education.
• Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.
• My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

3.Accomplished
          We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.

Examples:

• Man has walked on the Moon.
• Our son has learned how to read.
• Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
• Scientists have split the atom.

 

4.An uncompleted action you are expecting
          We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.

Examples:

• James has not finished his homework yet.
• Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
• Bill has still not arrived.
• The rain hasn't stopped.

5.Multiple actions at different times
          We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible.

Examples:

• The army has attacked that city five times.
• I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
• We have had many major problems while working on this project.
• She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

Vocabulary : Part of Body and Sense

Picture above is the parts of human`s body and sense

Vocabulary:

Hair              = Rambut

Eye              = Mata

Ear               = Telinga

Nose            = Hidung

Tooth           = Gigi

Mouth          = Mulut

Neck            = Leher

Shoulder     = Bahu

Chest           = Dada

Arm              = Lengan

Elbow           = Siku

Hand            = Tangan

Finger          = Jari

Hip               = Pinggang

Leg              = Kaki

Foot             =Kaki

Knee            = Lutut

Ankle            = Engkel

Toe               = Jari kaki